As a consequence of his marriage to Isabella I, he was King of Castile jure uxoris as Ferdinand V from 1474 until her death i... America is named after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies. ), The Venezuelan dictator Marcos Jiménez escapes to the USA with an estimated fortune of $200 million, Go to Venezuela in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), A military coup in Argentina brings to an end the two-year presidency of Juan Perón's widow, Isabelita, Shining Path and Tupac Amaru emerge as left-wing guerrilla groups in Peru, Go to Sendero Luminoso in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), José Gervasio Artigas lays siege to the Spanish forces in Montevideo, beginning Uruguay's long struggle for independence, Go to Artigas, José Gervasio (1764–1850) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), John Strong, landing on some remote Atlantic islands, names them after Viscount Falkland, treasurer of the British navy, Go to Falkland Islands in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), The Argentinian cruiser General Belgrano is sunk by a British torpedo, with the loss of 368 lives, Go to Falklands war (1982) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Simón Bolívar, a young officer in Caracas, takes part in a coup which wins control of Venezuela from the Spanish, Go to Bolívar, Simón in In 1494, they agreed to split South America with the Treaty of Tordesillas. ), The independence of Argentina is formally proclaimed, dropping any pretence of remaining loyal to the Spanish king, San Martín and O'Higgins lead an army through the Andes into Chile and capture Santiago, Go to O'Higgins, Bernardo in ), The lost Inca city of Machu Picchu is reached by US archaeologist Hiram Bingham, Go to Bingham, Hiram (1875–1956) in Middle East • 1492 Aug 3. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), After an 800-mile journey in an open boat Ernest Shackleton returns to rescue his stranded colleagues in the South Shetlands, Go to Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry (1874–1922) in ), The Argentine Rural Society is founded as the exclusive preserve of Argentina's oligarchy, Go to Argentina in In the decades following European contact, disease, enslavement and land seizure destroyed the advanced civilizations of the continent, both in the Andes and the Amazon regions, sending the surviving inhabitants back to a far simpler social organization. John Cabot on his first voyage searching for the Northwest Passage. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed. ), Juan Perón, professed friend of the poor in Argentina, is arrested by brother officers, Go to Perón, Juan Domingo (8 Oct. 1895) in ), The first conference of American nations, in Washington, D.C., launches the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics (later called the Pan-American Union), Go to Pan American Union. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. One of the Madrasian sites is Attirampakkam which is located near Chennai city (formerly Madras). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. ), The quipu is used in the Wari culture and becomes the standard recording device of the Andean civilizations, Go to quipu in ), La Paz is founded on the trade route between Lima and the newly discovered silver mines at Potosi, Go to La Paz (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, Uruguay, USA) in 20-year-old Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes one of his best-known collections, Heitor Villa-Lobos composes the first of his. Universe, South America → Argentina • ), Buenos Aires is finally accepted as the permanent capital city of Argentina, The War of the Pacific brings Chile new mineral wealth at the expense of Bolivia and Peru, Go to War of the Pacific in ), After failing to agree with Bolívar at Guayaquil, San Martín resigns his post as Protector of Peru, The Portuguese regent, Dom Pedro, proclaims the independence of Brazil and three months later is crowned emperor, as Pedro I, Bernardo O'Higgins, Chile's first liberal reformer, is so unpopular that he has to resign, Bolívar arrives in Lima to be granted command of the army and dictatorial powers in the republic of Peru, After the surrender of the Spanish army to Antonio José de Sucre at Ayacucho, Peru is finally liberated, With a victory at Tumusla Antonio José de Sucre liberates Upper Peru (the future Bolivia), the last Spanish stronghold in continental America, Juan Antonio Lavalleja leads a band of Thirty-three Immortals in Uruguay's fight for independence from Brazil, Go to Lavalleja (Uruguay) in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. 1536 Battle of Reynogüelén; 16th century — 17th or 18th century Arauco War; 1546 Battle of Quilacura; 1550 Battle of Andalien; 1550 Battle of Penco ), The people of Paracas, a coastal region of central Peru, create extremely sophisticated fabrics of woven cotton or vicuña wool, Go to Paracas Culture in In 1519 he founded Panama City and moved his capital there in 1524. ), An underground railway opens in Buenos Aires, the first subway in Latin America, Go to Buenos Aires in ), Cuban revolutionary Che Guevara is captured and executed in Bolivia, Catholic bishops in Latin America, plagued by oppressive regimes, develop the concept of liberation theology, Go to liberation theology in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ... South Africa profile - Timeline. Carvajal's career as... Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar was a Spanish conquistador. Bolivia • Ancient America. ), The Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano López starts a war against Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay which eventually kills more than half his population, Go to Paraguayan War (1864–70) in We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. ), The emperor Pedro II frees all the remaining slaves in Brazil without compensating their owners, Go to Pedro II (1812–91) in ), Senior officers in Brazil seize power, alleging the threat of an imminent communist takeover, Go to Brazil in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. ), Venezuela defaults on European interest payments and is soon threatened by British, German and Italian warships, Go to Drago doctrine in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. All Rights Reserved. ), The citizens of Bogotá declare the independence of the province of Colombia, The colonists of Paraguay throw out their Spanish governor and declare independence, Go to Paraguay in ), Upper Peru declares independence as the republic of Bolivia, in honour of Simón Bolívar, Pedro I, emperor of Brazil, inherits the throne of Portugal (as Pedro IV) but continues to rule from Brazil, Lavalleja defeats a Brazilian army at Ituzaingó, in the decisive battle for Uruguayan independence, Conservative 'bigwigs' and liberal 'novices' emerge as Chile's two main political parties, Go to Chile in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. Slavery was mainly preferred because sugarcane was widely cultivated in South America, and it was also in high demand. ), A dormant volcano erupts in Colombia, burying some 20,000 victims under a deep layer of silt, Gabriel García Márquez publishes Love in a Time of Cholera, a novel about love rekindled after five decades, Argentina wins the World Cup quarter final against England with help from Maradona and 'the hand of God', Brazilian racing driver Ayrton Senna wins the first of his three Formula One titles, Go to Senna (da Silva), Ayrton (1960–1994) in → From Past Falkland Islands • Latin America. A chronology of key events in the history of South Africa from 4th-century migrations to the present day. Concise Medical Dictionary (8 ed. Get access to key details that marked this point in history. Diego Velázquez was born in Cuéllar 1465, in the Segovia region of Spain. First south America splits from Africa and drifts westwards (it is the snug fit between their coast lines which suggests the idea of continental drift to Alfred Wegenerin 1912). 1497 July. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History (1 ed. From Present Europe • The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (1 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. The web's source of information for Ancient History: definitions, articles, timelines, maps, books, and illustrations. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. She and her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon brought stability to both kingdoms that became the basis for the unification of Spain. ), A left-wing coup brings Paz Estenssoro to power and launches a 12-year revolution in Bolivia, Go to Paz Estenssoro, Victor (1907–2001) in ), The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes his epic account of South America and its people, Canto general, The Batllistas, followers in Uruguay of José Batlle, attempt an unusual experiment in the reform of government, Go to Uruguay in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. ), Bolívar marches his army across the Andes, captures Bogotá and proclaims the republic of Gran Colombia, Go to Colombia in Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez publishes a classic of magic realism. 1500. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), The 77-year-old Juan Perón, after returning to Argentina, is once again elected president, Chilean president Salvador Allende dies in the Chilean capital, Santiago, in a military coup led by Augusto Pinochet, Augusto Pinochet takes sole power in Chile, at the head of a junta which governs with extreme brutality, Isabel Perón becomes president of Argentina on the death of her husband Juan Perón, Go to Perón, Isabel (b. Moreover, he w... Isabella I was Queen of Castile and León. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. ), Pizarro and his tiny force ambush and massacre the Inca court in Cajamarca, capturing Atahualpa himself alive, Atahualpa agrees to buy his freedom from the Spaniards with a room full of gold and another of silver, Although the ransom has been paid, Atahualpa is executed by the Spaniards — who ensure that he dies a Christian, The Spanish conquistadors capture and sack the Inca capital of Cuzco, high in the Andes, Go to Cuzco in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. Commonly referred to as part of the Americas, like North America, South America is named afte... 1580 BC The 7 Most Notorious Nazis Who Escaped to South America. 250 - The Bantu people begin to migrate into South … South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. ), Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez publishes a classic of magic realism, One Hundred Years of Solitude, Go to García Márquez, Gabriel (1928– ) in ), The capital of the Portuguese colony of Brazil is moved from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro, Go to Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed. ), Ruling respectively from Cuzco and Quito, Huáscar and Atahualpa compete for the empire of their father, Huayna Capac, Go to Atahualpa (1533) in ), An earthquake destroys much of Lima, and an ensuing tidal wave engulfs its port at Callao, Go to Lima in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. A French expedition from St Malo, founding a colony on East Falkland, name the islands, The Spanish, now in sole occupation of the Falkland Islands, call them, The newly independent republic of Argentina takes possession of. PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). 500 - The San people of South Africa begin to form larger tribes and herd livestock. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. Migrants have made their way all the way to Chile. ), The Spanish recapture Caracas, after which Bolívar moves southwest to advance on Bogotá, now held again by the Spanish, Spanish forces at Rancagua defeat a Chilean army commanded by Bernardo O'Higgins, who escapes across the Andes into Argentina, Go to O'Higgins, Bernardo (1778–1842) in Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that led to gene... Ferdinand II, called the Catholic, was in his own right the King of Sicily from 1468 and King of Aragon from 1479. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), Chile begins four years of untroubled independence, ruled by a junta introducing liberal reforms, Go to Chile in 2 Oct. 1907) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. 1600s | 1700s | Early-1800s | Mid-1800s | Late-1800s | Early-1900s | Mid-1900s | Late 1900s. ), Atahualpa defeats and kills his half-brother Huáscar, thus winning control of the entire Inca empire, Francisco Pizarro leads 168 men, with about 30 horses, into the territory of the Inca empire, Go to Pizarro, Francisco (1471–1541) in ), A coup removes emperor Pedro II from his throne in Brazil, putting in his place a military dictatorship, Civil war breaks out in Chile between supporters of a liberal president and a hostile congress, Go to Balmaceda, José Manuel (1840–91) in ), The Inca emperor, Huayna Capac, dies in an epidemic of a western disease, smallpox, Go to smallpox in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed. South America’s history was put on a completely different trajectory with Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the Americas in the 1490s. ), A military junta seizes power in Bolivia, ending the 12-year left-wing regime of Paz Estenssoro, Go to Bolivia in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), President Salvador Allende appoints Augusto Pinochet commander-in-chief of the Chilean army and brings him into the cabinet, Go to Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto (b. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. ), Topa succeeds his father, Pachacuti, as emperor of the Incas, The Inca empire is extended to the north and a second capital is established at Quito, Go to Quito (Ecuador) in “The seventeenth century sees the growth of local autonomy and the rise of criollo identities (people of European descent born in the Americas) throughout the Spanish Americas, even as the indigenous population continues its calamitous decline. Olmecs in Mexico. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. The Madrasian culture occurred during the Lower Palaeolithic period around 2,500,000BC. A Dictionary of Law (7 ed. 1507 “America” is first used in a A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), The first Portuguese governor general of Brazil selects Bahia (now Salvador) as his capital, Go to Bahia (Brazil) in Despite vast natural resources, including land and oil, many countries continue to struggle with the social consequences of widespread poverty. There has, however, been little by way of settlement in these arid regions. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. ), Chávin de Huántar becomes the centre of the first civilization of south America, Go to Chavín culture in ), Francisco Pizarro sails from Panama to attempt the conquest of Peru, Go to Pizarro, Francisco (c. 1478–1541) in ), Even the remote city of Machu Picchu, on its peak above the jungle, is built in the massively precise Inca style of masonry, Go to Machu Picchu, Peru in ), Civil war breaks out in Uruguay between the Reds and the Whites, followers respectively of Rivera and Oribe, Brazil, historically the world's second largest importer of slaves from Africa, finally bans the slave trade, Go to slave trade, abolition of in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), In an Argentinian civil war, Urquiza defeats the dictator Rosas and is subsequently elected president (in 1854), At Pavón the provincial troops of Buenos Aires defeat the Argentinian national army, emphatically demonstrating the power of their city, Go to Buenos Aires in Also see this comparative Ancient America Time Line.. Paleo-Indian. ), Royal-Dutch Shell begins to pump oil in Venezuela, launching the country as a major oil producer, Go to Venezuela in Colombia • Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. 1535 — 1537 Expedition to Chile of the Spanish conqueror Diego de Almagro. Spanish found St. Augustine, FL - first permanent white settlement in what is now the United States. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. The lands conquered in the south within Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile would form the province Qullasuyu of the Inca Empire. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. Commonly referred to as part of the Americas, like North America, South America is named afte... Tiwanaku is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia near Lake Titicaca and one of the largest sites in South America. ), At Huaca Prieta, the earliest known farming community in South America, squash, gourds and chili are cultivated, Go to Saladoid Culture in ), Chan Chan, today the largest of the ruined Andean cities, dominates the entire length of Peru, Go to Chan Chan in 400 years since slavery: a timeline of American history A group of African American slaves at the Cassina Point plantation of James Hopkinson on Edisto Island, South Carolina. Only Icons, Where → Cities • Spanish explorers have ventured up into the southwest USA, followed by a handful of missionaries and traders. South Africa Timeline BCE. ), Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna dies when the steering column of his car shears during the San Marino Grand Prix, Britain and Argentina come to an agreement concerning the future exploitation of oil around the Falkland Islands, Go to Falkland Islands in Chile • ), The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda wins the Nobel Prize for Literature, A military coup plunges democratic Uruguay into eleven years of repressive terror, Go to Uruguay in In 1535 Spanish Explorer Francisco Pizarro occupied most of the Incan territory in South America. The tools were primarily made of quartzite. ), Pedro I abdicates in Brazil and returns to Europe to recover his Portuguese throne (as Pedro IV), Britain ejects the Argentinians from the Falklands and begins the process of settlement with British farmers, Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes dictator of Argentina and imposes a brutally repressive conservative regime, Go to Rosas, Juan Manuel de (1793–1877) in ), Bolívar resigns as president of Gran Colombia shortly before dying of tuberculosis, Sucre is assassinated on his journey home to Quito from a congress in Bogotá, Diego Portales begins a 30-year spell as Chile's conservative dictator, Panama becomes part of the newly independent republic of Colombia, Go to Panama (and Sri Lanka, USA) in ), The emergency measures underpinning military rule are repealed in Brazil, and an amnesty restores political rights, Leopoldo Galtieri becomes leader of the military junta ruling Argentina, Go to Galtieri, Leopold Fortunato (b. The Oxford Companion to Archaeology (1 ed. ), The British adopt a new policy in the south, landing in Georgia and capturing much of South Carolina, Go to American Revolution in Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes his first collection of poems. Colonial America Timeline (1492-1763) . The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. Geography was a key in the colonization of South America. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), Augusto Leguía begins a long spell as the strong man of Peruvian politics, Go to Leguía, Augusto Bernardino (1863–1932) in ), Pablo Neruda increases his international reputation with a collection of surrealist poems, Residencia en la tierra ('Residence on earth'), A truce ends armed hostilities in the three-year Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay, Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes A Universal History of Infamy, one of the first examples of magic realism, Go to magic realism in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2 ed. In the south, Mexico and Central America have become part of the huge Spanish empire. ), As temperatures warm, the sea level rises, submerging the Bering land bridge and isolating the Siberian immigrants as the aboriginal Americans, Go to Bering land bridge in ), The potato is cultivated in the Peruvian Andes, Go to potato in He led the first great Spanish expedition in the New World. ), On Topa's death his son Huayna Capac succeeds to the throne as Inca emperor, In negotiations about the New World at Tordesillas, the king of Portugal insists on a new demarcation line which later brings him Brazil, Go to Tordesillas, Treaty of (7 June 1494) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), The city of Tiwanaku develops to the south of Lake Titicaca, and soon dominates the surrounding region, Go to Tiahuanaco, Bolivia in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. A Dictionary of Business and Management (5 ed. Latin America: c. 5000 BCE - 2010 - Oxford Reference. A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed. ), Gold is found in Brazil, launching the first great American gold rush, Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador become the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada, with Bogota as the capital, Go to New Granada in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed. CE. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), San Martín enters Lima and proclaims Peruvian independence with himself as 'Protector', Bolívar defeats the Spanish at Carabobo and liberates, for the second time, his native city of Caracas, After defeating the Spanish at Pichincha, Antonio José de Sucre enters Quito and liberates Ecuador, Go to Sucre, Antonio José de (1795–1830) in Land reforms were undertaken in several countries; large estates were broken up to provide more of the rural population with land. However, it's best to recognize that Columbus wasn't the first human to put a foot in the Americas. Rivers & Oceans • A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Alberto Fujimori and his newly formed Cambio 90 party win a surprise election victory in Peru, Go to Fujimori, Alberto Kenya (b. His explorator... Vicente Yáñez Pinzón was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and conquistador, the youngest of the Pinzón brothers. Help ... liberators Simon de Bolivar and José de San Martín complete the South American independence movement. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), The country's president, Getúlio Vargas, commits suicide when the army in Brazil demands his resignation, A military uprising in Argentina forces Perón to resign and go into exile, Oscar Niemeyer is appointed chief architect for his country's new capital, Brasilia, Go to Niemeyer, Oscar (1907– ) in The Nazca Lines are a series of ancient geoglyphs located in the Nazca Desert of Peru. ), The Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral makes her name with her first collection, Sonetos de la muerte, Go to Mistral, Gabriela (1889–1957) in 26 July 1908) in ), 20-year-old Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes one of his best-known collections, Twenty Love Poems, A military coup removes Hipolito Irigoyen from the presidency in Argentina, Getúlio Vargas begins a 24-year personal rule in Brazil, Go to Vargas, Getúlio Dornelles (1883–1954) in World • Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). A Guide to Countries of the World (3 ed. ), Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America, Go to Guiana in ), Pablo Escobar, leader of the Medellin drugs cartel in Colombia, is cornered and shot, Go to Medellín in Brazil • A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), The General Assembly of the UN asks Argentina and Britain to enter negotiations on their long-running dispute over the Falklands, Go to Falklands War in 28 July 1938), Subject: Encyclopedias, Geographical reference. The Oxford Companion to Archaeology (1 ed. - 1848 A.D.) c. 14,500 B.C. ), An Indian uprising in Spanish Peru is led by a descendant of the Incas, Tupac Amaru II, Go to Inca noun in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. A marvel of early 20th-century design, the United … ), New Laws are passed in Spain, in an attempt to protect the Indians on the encomiendas of Spanish America, Go to encomiendas in ), Coffee replaces sugar as Brazil's main crop, accounting for more than 50% of exports in 1908, Go to cash crop in 5 Feb. 1931) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), The Chaco War breaks out between Bolivia and Paraguay, in dispute over the swampy plain known as the Gran Chaco, Go to Chaco War (1932–35) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Augusto Pinochet, the only candidate in Chile's presidential election, resigns when he wins less than half the votes cast, Go to Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto (23 Nov. 1915) in Ojeda accompanied Christopher Columbus in his second voyage to the New World in 1493. Along with his older brother Martín Alonso Pinzón who captained the Pinta, he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyag... Francisco de Carvajal was a Spanish military officer, conquistador, and explorer remembered as "the demon of the Andes" due to his brutality and uncanny military skill in the Peruvian civil wars of the 16th century. ), Brazil's first civilian president, Prudente de Morais, is peacefully elected, setting the pattern for the next four decades, Go to Presidente Prudente (São Paulo/Brazil) in Ecuador • Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. ), Eva Perón dies of cancer and achieves the status of a popular saint in Argentina, Go to Perón, Eva (1919–1952) in ), The Inca ethnic group migrates into the region of the Cuzco valley in Peru, Go to Inca in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. Economic difficulties continued because of the issue with borders and power stauses. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. (1565) 1600. ), The two liberators, Bolívar and San Martín, meet in Guayaquil for a conference, Go to Guayaquil (Ecuador) in He distinguished himself there by his daring in battle with the natives, towards whom,... Pedro Álvares Cabral was a Portuguese noble, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the discoverer of Brazil. 8 Oct. 1895) in South America - South America - Geologic history: The geologic history of South America can be summarized in three different developmental stages, each corresponding to a major division of geologic time. The Panama Canal: Modern Maritime Trade Route. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), Joseph Conrad publishes his novel Nostromo, about a revolution in South America and a fatal horde of silver, Go to Nostromo in He had conqured the massive Incan empire in just a few years with his army and the help of some of the Incans rivals. History of South America There are some anthropological signs that point back to humans inhabiting South America since at least the year 9000 BCE. The following timeline covers the … Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. Asian migrants cross Bering Land bridge and enter North America. ), The Portuguese royal family flees to Brazil on the approach of a French army led by Jean-Andoche Junot, Go to John VI (1769–1826) in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. ), The Inca empire has about 25,000 miles of well-serviced roads, designed for caravans of llamas, In Cuzco's great temple, the sacrifices are usually of llamas, occasionally of humans, Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci sets sail from Lisbon to explore to the south of the New World, Go to Vespucci, Amerigo (1454–1512) in (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2013. He fought in Naples before moving to Seville, where he met B... Alonso de Ojeda was a Spanish navigator, governor and conquistador. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. The reshaping of the surface of the earth, into the pattern now familiar to us, takes place between 200 and 20 million years ago. ), Tupac Amaru guerrillas take 460 guests hostage at the Japanese ambassador's Christmas party in Lima, Peru, Go to Tupamaros in By then, all of the Native American civilisations in South America had been conqured and the peoples were slaves. It is situated on a mountain ridge above the Urubamba Valley in Peru, which is 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamb... Pedrarias Dávila (Pedro Arias de Ávila) y Ortiz de Cota, was a Spanish colonial administrator. ), The peace of Buenos Aires, ending the Chaco War, gives Paraguay most of the region under dispute with Bolivia, December 13 - the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee is scuttled after a battle with Allied ships near the river Plate, Go to Plate, Battle of the River (13 December 1939) in ), December 7 - Maximilian von Spee's squadron of cruisers is sunk by the British off the Falkland Islands, Go to Falklands, battle of the (1914) in ), Floods and massive mudslides in the Vargas state of Venezuela kill an estimated 25,000 people, The British Home Secretary, Jack Straw, judges Augusto Pinochet mentally incapable to stand trial and returns him to Chile, Alerto Fujimori resigns after a corruption scandal during his third term as president of Peru, Five presidents succeed each other within a month in Argentina's economic crisis, Former Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori, after sheltering since 2000 in Japan, arrives unexpectedly in Chile, The Chilean Supreme Court grants the Peruvian government's request for the extradition of Alberto Fujimori to Peru, Peru's Supreme Court finds Alberto Fujimori guilty of authorizing death squads and sentences him to 25 years in prison, Thirty-three miners are brought safely to the surface after being trapped deep underground for 69 days in the San José mine in Chile, Go to Chile in ), The Febreristas, a newly formed left-wing group, seize power in Paraguay, Go to Paraguay in ), The citizens of Bogotá expel the local Spanish officials and declare their loyalty to the deposed Ferdinand VII, Go to Ferdinand VII (1784–1833) in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed. Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed. ), Rich seams of silver are discovered at Potosi, in modern Bolivia, Go to Potosí in ), Argentinian driver Juan Manuel Fangio wins the first of five Grand Prix world championship titles, Go to Fangio, Juan Manuel (1911–1995) in ), The election of Hipolito Irigoyen as president begins sixteen years of radical government in Argentina, Go to Irigoyen, Hipólito (1850–1933) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. They have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. ), The War of a Thousand Days begins in Colombia, causing eventually 100,000 deaths, Go to Colombia in ), The Portuguese expel the Jesuits from Brazil, beginning a widespread reaction against the order in Catholic Europe, Go to Jesuits in ), Salvador Allende, heading a Socialist and Marxist coalition, is elected president in Chile, Go to Allende, Salvador (b. The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed. 28 July 1938) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. Before about 15,000 years ago, the vast continents of North and South America had no human beings on them whatsoever. Timeline of Southern History. ), The Brazilian government moves to Brasilia, into public buildings designed by Oscar Niemeyer, Go to Brasília in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military (1 ed. 2009: Latin America is the only region in the world where murder rates increased in the first decade of the 21st century 2009: China becomes Brazil's largest trading partner Dec 2009: The swine flu has killed at least 120,000 people worldwide, mostly in South America ), O'Higgins is elected the 'supreme director' of independent Chile after San Martín declines the post, Bolívar returns to Venezuela and builds up an army of liberation in a remote region up the Orinoco, Bernardo O'Higgins introduces liberal reforms in Chile, reducing the privileges of aristocracy and church, Thomas Cochrane arrives in Valparaiso to take command of the Chilean navy, Go to Cochrane, Thomas, 10th earl of Dundonald (1775–1860) in ), A French expedition from St Malo, founding a colony on East Falkland, name the islands Les îsles Malouines, Go to Falkland Islands in ), Bolívar recaptures Bogotá from the recently returned Spanish troops, Brazil is given equal standing with Portugal, forming together the Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil, The Spanish recover Bogotá yet again and Bolívar flees into exile in Jamaica, Go to Bolívar, Simón (1783–1830) in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. ), Batán Grande, in northern Peru, becomes a great pilgrimage centre in the Sican culture, Go to Peru in Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian merchant and cartographer who voyaged to and wrote about the Americas. ), Brazil becomes a Portuguese royal province, under the control of a governor general, Go to Brazil (and USA) in Portugal had gained control over Brazil and Spain had control over the rest of the land. “In many South American countries, the twentieth century is characterized by political instability and repression under dictatorial regimes. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), The Creole militia of Buenos Aires drive out an English force which has captured the city, Go to Beresford, Gen William Carr (1764–1854) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. Regions • ), British troops recapture Port Stanley, after which the Argentinian forces in the Falklands surrender, The leader of the Argentinian junta, Leopoldo Galtieri, resigns three days after the Falklands defeat, Argentinian footballer Diego Maradona is sold to Barcelona for a new record fee of about £3 million, almost double the highest previous figure, Go to Maradona, Diego (Armando) (1960– ) in ), Augusto Pinochet, visiting Britain from Chile for medical treatment, is arrested on an extradition request from a Spanish judge, Marxist guerrillas in Colombia, in partnership with drug cartels, control much of the south of the country, Go to Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. Pablo Neruda increases his international reputation with a collection of surrealist poems, Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes, December 13 - the German pocket battleship, Thor Heyerdahl sets sail across the Pacific from Peru in a balsa wood boat, the. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. 15 July 1926) in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), 5000 Argentinian troops land in the Falkland Islands, provoking war with Britain, Go to Falklands (Malvinas) War (1982) in See the entire history of South America animated as native states rose and fell and colonies sprung and gained independence over time. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), The llama and the alpaca, two south American members of the camel family, are domesticated, Go to llama in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), A Chilean poet, Ricardo Reyes, adopts the pen name Pablo Neruda, Go to Neruda, Pablo (1904–1973) in Dec 19, 2019. Venezuela • The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. 25 Nov. 1915), Galtieri, Leopold Fortunato (b. ), Electoral reform is introduced in Argentina, with universal male suffrage and a secret ballot, Go to Argentina in ), In the treaty of Breda, England keeps New Amsterdam and New Netherland, and Holland keeps the English-held territory of Surinam, Go to Anglo‐Dutch Wars in Later the two laid the foundations for the political unification of... Christopher Columbus was an explorer, colonizer, and navigator, born in the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), The veteran left-wing politician Victor Haya is elected president of Peru but is thwarted by a coup led by General Ricardo Godoy, Go to Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl (22 Feb. 1895) in Huastecas and other proto-Maya cultures in Mexico. The Oxford Companion to United States History (1 ed. ), Francia becomes dictator of Paraguay and for the next 26 years seals his nation off from the rest of the world, Go to Francia, José Gaspar Rodriguez de (1776–1840) in Spain and Portugal were two European powers that colonized most of South America. Timeline of Indian and Latin America (c. 14,500 B.C. World Encyclopedia (1 ed.). The high, arid plateau stretches more than 80 kilometres (50 mi) between the towns of Nazca and... Rowan Gavin Paton Menzies was a British author and retired submarine lieutenant-commander who has written books promoting claims that the Chinese sailed to America before Columbus. Oceania • The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. ), Alfredo Stroessner seizes power in Paraguay, introducing three decades of repressive dictatorship, Go to Stroessner, Alfredo (3 Nov. 1912) in ), The Portuguese royal family and their entourage arrive in Rio de Janeiro, With acts of defiance in Sucre, Bolivia becomes the first American province to rebel against the Spanish authorities, Go to Bolivia in ), The Spanish authorities recover control of Venezuela, ending the region's first brief spell of independence, Simon Bolívar publishes the Manisfesto de Cartagena, calling on the citizens of New Granada to unite and expel the Spaniards, Bolívar defeats the Spanish forces in Venezuela and is welcomed in Caracas as the Liberator, José San Martín becomes commander of the patriot army of Argentina, replacing Manuel Belgrano, Go to San Martín, José de (1778–1850) in Historians have rejected Menzies' theories and assertions a... Machu Picchu is a pre-Columbian Inca site located 2,430 metres (8,000 ft) above sea level. Throughout South America's early history of human inhabitants, it was widely an agrarian society, meaning that its residents survived off of the land, using staples such as fish and beans for food. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. 1000 - For thousands of years hunter-gatherers called the San people inhabit South Africa. ), Complex societies, with sophisticated temple architecture, develop at sites such as Aspero and Caral in the Norte Chico region of Peru, Go to Aspero, Peru in ), The earth drawings of the Nazca people, known now as the Nazca Lines, are some of the largest works of art ever created, The Mochica develop a civilization, in the north of modern Peru, known for its realistic pottery sculpture, Go to Mochica in c. 12,000 B.C. Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. Many rural laborers moved to the cities to search for jobs. Arctics • A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), Medicine men in Peru practise trephination, cutting holes in the skulls of brave or foolhardy patients, Go to Disease in ), Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes his first collection of poems, Fervor de Buenos Aires ('Fervour of Buenos Aires'), Go to Borges, Jorge Luis (1899–1986) in in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed. ), With the fall of Pinochet, Chile returns eagerly to democracy - electing a Christian Democrat, Patricio Aylwin, as president, Go to Chile in A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. 25 Nov. 1915) in ), Francis Drake seizes a Spanish vessel laden with gold and silver in the Pacific, formerly a safe area for Spain, Go to Drake, Sir Francis in Timeline and map of the history of North America 1648 CE. Students. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. ), A mass demonstration by trade unions in Buenos Aires results in the release of Perón, Perón, with the orchestrated support of gangs of thugs, is elected president of Argentina, Go to Perón, Juan (b. ), Tiradentes (the 'puller of teeth') leads the first rebellion against Portuguese rule in Brazil, The Brazilian rebel Tiradentes is beheaded in public in Rio de Janeiro as a warning to would-be revolutionaries, Go to Brazil in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed. Suriname • ), The female mamakuna and the male yanakuna are selected in childhood to serve the Inca state, Portuguese explorer Pedro Cabral, with a fleet of thirteen ships, makes landfall in Brazil, Go to Cabral, Pedro Álvares (1467–1520) in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), Heitor Villa-Lobos composes the first of his Bachianas Brasileiras, Go to Villa-Lobos, Heitor (1887–1959) in Squash and chili are the first plants to be cultivated in America, in the Tehuácan valley in modern Mexico. The Oxford Companion to World Exploration (1 ed. ), After a public meeting in Buenos Aires, Argentinians set up an autonomous local government in opposition to Spanish forces, Go to Spanish–South American Wars of Independence (1810–25) in The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes his epic account of South America and its people, … ), The independence of Uruguay is agreed in the Treaty of Montevideo between Brazil and Argentina, Go to Uruguay in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. ), The Conservative Colorados recover power in Paraguay and reimpose military rule, Power is seized in Argentina by a new military junta, the Group of United Officers, Go to Perón, Juan Domingo (1895–1974) in ), Paraguayan dictator Alfredo Stroessner is toppled by Andrés Rodríguez, who restores democracy to the country, Carlos Menem is elected president of Argentina and introduces a free market economy, Go to Menem, Carlos Saul (2 July 1930) in 2000 B.C. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. ), The Aztecs begin to move south from their original home, which they call Aztlan, somewhere in northern Mexico, Go to Aztec in The Oxford Companion to Military History (1 ed. 1300-400 B.C. The following timeline compiles numerous sources to lay out an incomplete history of U.S. military and economic intervention in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala over the past century. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), Civilian rule is restored in Brazil after Tancredo Neves and Jose Sarney are elected president and vice-president, With the return of democracy to Bolivia, the 77-year-old Paz Estenssoro is once again elected president, Go to Paz Estenssoro, Victor (b. A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. Spain is left with only Cuba and Puerto Rico as colonies. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. First Song name: "El Olor de Los Andes" by Martin Carlberg Second song name: unknown :( Quick timeline of the main events in South American History. ), José Batlle is elected president of Uruguay and proves to be a visionary politician, Go to Batlle y Ordóñez, José (21 May 1856) in ), The inhabitants of Huaca Prieta grow cotton, from which they weave a coarse cloth, Go to cotton in Only PeopleOnly Events Most of it is in the Southern Hemisphere. The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. 30,000 BCE (Before the Common Era): Highly mobile hunting and gathering groups cross the Bering Strait land bridge in pursuit of large game and enter North America.. 10,000 BCE: A second migration crosses the Bering Strait and joins the first one.Groups spread all the way down to Chile in southern South America. A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed. A Dictionary of British History (1 rev ed. To Pre-Revolutionary War » 1000 Leif Ericson explores the North American East Coast. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. A Dictionary of Political Biography (1 rev ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. America • The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (2 ed. The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda publishes his epic account of South America and its people. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. He conquered and governed Cuba on behalf of Spain. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. The Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral makes her name with her first collection. Most of it is in the Southern Hemisphere. A timeline of events during Spanish Colonization. 15 July 1926), Fujimori, Alberto Kenya (b. ), Surinam wins independence from the Dutch, with Johan Ferrier as the first president, Go to Surinam in ), The Tupamaros are formed as an urban guerrilla group in Uruguay, Go to Tupamaros in ), Che Guevara arrives in Bolivia in the hope of fomenting a left-wing revolution, Go to Guevara (de la Serna), Che (1928–1967) in Who's Who in the Twentieth Century (1 ed. Africa • ), Jorge Luis Borges publishes Fictions, a collection of short stories, Go to Borges, Jorge Luis (1899–1986) in Peru • After Allied forces defeated Germany in World War II, Europe became a difficult place to be associated with Adolph Hitler’s Third Reich. Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Port... China Discovered the World, 1421 Gavin Menzies, Francisco de Carvajal, Demon of the Andes. ), A civilian government, voted into power in Argentina, prosecutes members of the military junta for civil rights abuses, Drugs barons in Colombia murder the Minister of Justice, Rodrigo Lara Bonilla, to protect their trade, Go to Colombia in South America has a rich history and at the same time the part of history also includes severe exploitation. ), The Spanish, now in sole occupation of the Falkland Islands, call them Las Islas Malvinas, Buenos Aires rather than Asunción is chosen to be capital of the new Spanish viceroyalty of La Plata, Go to Buenos Aires (Argentina) in ), Chilean author Isabel Allende publishes her first novel, The House of the Spirits, Go to Allende, Isabel (1942– ) in ), Grant moves south in a hard-fought campaign to pin down Lee's Confederate army at Petersburg, near Richmond, Go to Wilderness to Petersburg Campaign in ), Fifteen years after the Falklands War there are 1700 British troops in the islands, guarding 2200 residents, A sudden collapse of the Brazilian stock market follows the earlier slump in the Asian markets, Go to Brazil in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), Rubber brings prosperity to Manaus, thousands of miles up the Amazon, Go to rubber tree in Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World (1 ed. South America's population increased rapidly during the 1950's and 1960's. ), The Great Valparaiso Earthquake damages much of central Chile and is felt from Peru to Buenos Aires, Go to Valparaíso in ), Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann, discovered in Buenos Aires, is kidnapped by Israeli agents, Go to Eichmann, Adolf (1906–62) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), The newly independent republic of Argentina takes possession of Las Islas Malvinas (the Falklands), The 22-year-old Portuguese prince, Dom Pedro, is made regent of Brazil, Go to Pedro I (1798–1834) in 6500-5000 B.C. ), Uruguay enjoys the first entirely free election since the years of military dictatorship, Go to Uruguay in ), A nine-year civil war begins in Colombia, bringing eventually some 200,000 deaths, Go to Colombia in The culture has been identified as one of the earliest divisions of the Stone Age era characterized by tools such as flake tools, microliths, cleavers and bifacial hand axes. ), November 1 - Maximilian von Spee sinks two British cruisers off Coronel, on the Pacific coast of south America, Go to Coronel, battle of (1914) in ), Manco Inca begins a siege of the Spaniards in Cuzco that lasts for a year, With the end of the siege of Cuzco, and the flight of Manco Inca, the Spanish have full control of Peru, Go to Peru (and USA) in Beginnings of agriculture, including maize production. The latest political news and analysis from the campaign trail: Ben Kamisar WASHINGTON — When Iowa's State Canvassing Board certified its 2020 election results on … Chilean author Isabel Allende publishes her first novel, La Paz (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, Uruguay, USA), Spanish–South American Wars of Independence (1810–25), Francia, José Gaspar Rodriguez de (1776–1840), Cochrane, Thomas, 10th earl of Dundonald (1775–1860), Plate, Battle of the River (13 December 1939), Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl (22 Feb. 1895), Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto (b. In 950 AD, people were captured in South Africa and were taken to South America and established a transatlantic slavery pattern. World Encyclopedia (1 ed. ), Thor Heyerdahl sets sail across the Pacific from Peru in a balsa wood boat, the Kon-Tiki, Go to Heyerdahl, Thor (1914–2002) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History (1 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. A Dictionary of Contemporary World History (3 ed. A Dictionary of World History (2 ed. Papal Bull Inter Caetera and the Treaty of Tordesillas (1493–1494) Many people do not know that … Asia • Hunter-gatherers gradually extend their territory far into South America, Go to Guitarrero Cave, Peru in The Oxford Companion to the Politics of the World (2 ed. Christopher Columbus sails on First Voyage. ), After a decisive victory over the Chanca people, a young Inca prince seizes the throne in Peru and takes the name Pachacuti, Cuzco, city of the Incas, grows rapidly in power after Pachacuti ('transformer of the earth') becomes emperor, The massive architecture of the Incas, consisting of finely dressed irregular blocks of stone, becomes a feature of Cuzco, The most sacred of the Inca divinities, Punchao, is symbolized by a great golden disc representing the sun, The Chimu empire in Peru is conquered by the Incas under the leadership of Pachacuti's son Topa, Go to Topa Inca (1493) in Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed. These people become known as the Khoikhoi. 1499 Amerigo Vespucci finds the South American Coast. Teachers & Schools. Fl - first permanent white settlement in what is now the United States Galtieri, Leopold Fortunato (.. 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